Visualizacion de datos ggplot2
Para comenzar, lo primero que debemos hacer es instalar las librerías necesarias para la visualización y manipulación de datos. Es posible que ya las tengas instaladas.
INSTALAR Y CARGAR DATOS
install.packages("dplyr") # Manipulación de datos
install.packages("tidyr") # Manipulación de datos
install.packages("tidyverse")# Manipulación de datos
install.packages("reshape2") # Transformación de datos
install.packages("ggplot2") # Visualización grafica
install.packages("cowplot") # Generar varios graficos en una misma figura
install.packages("RColorBrewer") # Generar varios graficos en una misma figura
install.packages("paletteer") # Generar varios graficos en una misma figura
install.packages("ggthemes") # Temas de ggplotDespues de instalarlos vamos a cargar los paquetes, para cargarlos
nesecitamos la funcion library(nombre_paquete)
###---- Cargar paquetes ----
library(ggthemes) # Temas de ggplot
library(dplyr) # Manipulación de datos
library(tidyr) # Manipulación de datos
library(tidyverse) # Manipulación de datos
library(reshape2) # Transformación de datos
library(pacman)
library(cowplot) # Visualización grafica
library(ggplot2) # Generar varios graficos en una misma figura
library(RColorBrewer) # Paletas de colores, Info en https://r-graph-gallery.com/38-rcolorbrewers-palettes.html
library(paletteer) # Paletas de colores, Info en https://pmassicotte.github.io/paletteer_gallery/Hecho esto, lo primero que podemos hacer con el paquete
RColorBrewer
DEFINIR ENTORNO
Este comando nos da algunas paletas de colores que ya nos dan los paquetes
Declaramos una variable llamada `indir que va a tener la
direccion a la carpeta de la leccion de hoy.
###--- Directorio ----
# getwd() # nota de aqui saque la direccion
indir <- "/home/suaria/Documentos/VieRnesBioinformatica.github.io/content/es/posts/Viernes de Bioinformatica 2024/Viernes-8/RMDWN/a/"Cargamos los archivos con la funcion read.csv en
conjunto con paste0 para dar el directorio completo de los
archivos.
Estos primeros 3 datasets son sobre personajes de Marvel y DC comics
###--- Data ----
infoCharacters <- read.csv(paste0(indir,"data/heroesInformation.csv"), na.strings = c("-", "-99")) # La opcion na.string nos permite sustituir valores - y -99 por NA
infoPowers <- read.csv(paste0(indir,"data/superHeroPowers.csv"))
infoStats <- read.csv(paste0(indir,"data/charactersStats.csv"), na.strings = "")Este dataset contiene informacion de mamiferos
#Base de datos de los valores de Home ranch (rango de hogar) (log10) y valores de masa corporal (log10) para 462 especies de mamíferos
#Tucker, M. A. et al; Home range-body size patterns: are all mammals equal?
#https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14668238?journalRedirectCheck=true
bd<- read.csv(paste0(indir,"data/MMHOME.csv"))
###--- Resumen de la informacion ----
summary(infoCharacters)## X name Gender Eye.color
## Min. : 0.0 Length:734 Length:734 Length:734
## 1st Qu.:183.2 Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Median :366.5 Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean :366.5
## 3rd Qu.:549.8
## Max. :733.0
##
## Race Hair.color Height Publisher
## Length:734 Length:734 Min. :-99.0 Length:734
## Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:-99.0 Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Median :175.0 Mode :character
## Mean :102.3
## 3rd Qu.:185.0
## Max. :975.0
##
## Skin.color Alignment Weight
## Length:734 Length:734 Min. :-99.00
## Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:-99.00
## Mode :character Mode :character Median : 62.00
## Mean : 43.86
## 3rd Qu.: 90.00
## Max. :900.00
## NA's :2## hero_names Agility Accelerated.Healing Lantern.Power.Ring
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Dimensional.Awareness Cold.Resistance Durability Stealth
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Energy.Absorption Flight Danger.Sense Underwater.breathing
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Marksmanship Weapons.Master Power.Augmentation Animal.Attributes
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Longevity Intelligence Super.Strength Cryokinesis
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Telepathy Energy.Armor Energy.Blasts Duplication
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Size.Changing Density.Control Stamina Astral.Travel
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Audio.Control Dexterity Omnitrix Super.Speed
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Possession Animal.Oriented.Powers Weapon.based.Powers
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Electrokinesis Darkforce.Manipulation Death.Touch
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Teleportation Enhanced.Senses Telekinesis Energy.Beams
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Magic Hyperkinesis Jump Clairvoyance
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Dimensional.Travel Power.Sense Shapeshifting Peak.Human.Condition
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Immortality Camouflage Element.Control Phasing
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Astral.Projection Electrical.Transport Fire.Control Projection
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Summoning Enhanced.Memory Reflexes Invulnerability
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Energy.Constructs Force.Fields Self.Sustenance Anti.Gravity
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Empathy Power.Nullifier Radiation.Control Psionic.Powers
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Elasticity Substance.Secretion Elemental.Transmogrification
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Technopath.Cyberpath Photographic.Reflexes Seismic.Power
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Animation Precognition Mind.Control Fire.Resistance
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Power.Absorption Enhanced.Hearing Nova.Force Insanity
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Hypnokinesis Animal.Control Natural.Armor Intangibility
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Enhanced.Sight Molecular.Manipulation Heat.Generation
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Adaptation Gliding Power.Suit Mind.Blast
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Probability.Manipulation Gravity.Control Regeneration
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Light.Control Echolocation Levitation
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Toxin.and.Disease.Control Banish Energy.Manipulation
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Heat.Resistance Natural.Weapons Time.Travel Enhanced.Smell
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Illusions Thirstokinesis Hair.Manipulation Illumination
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Omnipotent Cloaking Changing.Armor Power.Cosmic
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Biokinesis Water.Control Radiation.Immunity Vision...Telescopic
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Toxin.and.Disease.Resistance Spatial.Awareness Energy.Resistance
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Telepathy.Resistance Molecular.Combustion Omnilingualism
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Portal.Creation Magnetism Mind.Control.Resistance
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Plant.Control Sonar Sonic.Scream Time.Manipulation
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Enhanced.Touch Magic.Resistance Invisibility Sub.Mariner
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Radiation.Absorption Intuitive.aptitude Vision...Microscopic
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Melting Wind.Control Super.Breath Wallcrawling
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Vision...Night Vision...Infrared Grim.Reaping Matter.Absorption
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## The.Force Resurrection Terrakinesis Vision...Heat
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Vitakinesis Radar.Sense Qwardian.Power.Ring Weather.Control
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Vision...X.Ray Vision...Thermal Web.Creation Reality.Warping
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Odin.Force Symbiote.Costume Speed.Force Phoenix.Force
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
## Molecular.Dissipation Vision...Cryo Omnipresent Omniscient
## Length:667 Length:667 Length:667 Length:667
## Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character## Name Alignment Intelligence Strength
## Length:611 Length:611 Min. : 1.0 Min. : 1.00
## Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.: 1.0 1st Qu.: 1.00
## Mode :character Mode :character Median : 50.0 Median : 10.00
## Mean : 44.5 Mean : 29.08
## 3rd Qu.: 75.0 3rd Qu.: 53.00
## Max. :113.0 Max. :100.00
## Speed Durability Power Combat
## Min. : 1.00 Min. : 1.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 1.00
## 1st Qu.: 1.00 1st Qu.: 1.00 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.: 1.00
## Median : 23.00 Median : 32.00 Median : 37.00 Median : 50.00
## Mean : 27.31 Mean : 41.84 Mean : 40.31 Mean : 43.21
## 3rd Qu.: 42.00 3rd Qu.: 80.00 3rd Qu.: 67.00 3rd Qu.: 70.00
## Max. :100.00 Max. :120.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :101.00
## Total
## Min. : 5.0
## 1st Qu.: 5.0
## Median :255.0
## Mean :226.3
## 3rd Qu.:351.5
## Max. :581.0## ID Gender Taxon Home.range
## Min. : 1.0 Length:462 Length:462 Min. :-4.4400
## 1st Qu.:116.2 Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:-2.1275
## Median :231.5 Mode :character Mode :character Median :-0.7100
## Mean :231.5 Mean :-0.5516
## 3rd Qu.:346.8 3rd Qu.: 0.6550
## Max. :462.0 Max. : 5.6900
## Mass Diet Environment
## Min. :-2.3800 Length:462 Length:462
## 1st Qu.:-0.8300 Class :character Class :character
## Median : 0.2400 Mode :character Mode :character
## Mean : 0.2419
## 3rd Qu.: 1.1300
## Max. : 4.5200Informacion General sobre los personajes
## X name Gender Eye.color Race Hair.color Height
## 1 0 A-Bomb Male yellow Human No Hair 203
## 2 1 Abe Sapien Male blue Icthyo Sapien No Hair 191
## 3 2 Abin Sur Male blue Ungaran No Hair 185
## 4 3 Abomination Male green Human / Radiation No Hair 203
## 5 4 Abraxas Male blue Cosmic Entity Black -99
## 6 5 Absorbing Man Male blue Human No Hair 193
## Publisher Skin.color Alignment Weight
## 1 Marvel Comics <NA> good 441
## 2 Dark Horse Comics blue good 65
## 3 DC Comics red good 90
## 4 Marvel Comics <NA> bad 441
## 5 Marvel Comics <NA> bad -99
## 6 Marvel Comics <NA> bad 122Informacion sobre los poderes
## hero_names Agility Accelerated.Healing Lantern.Power.Ring
## 1 3-D Man True False False
## 2 A-Bomb False True False
## 3 Abe Sapien True True False
## 4 Abin Sur False False True
## 5 Abomination False True False
## 6 Abraxas False False False
## Dimensional.Awareness Cold.Resistance Durability Stealth Energy.Absorption
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False True False False
## 3 False True True False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 True False False False False
## Flight Danger.Sense Underwater.breathing Marksmanship Weapons.Master
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False True True True
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 True False False False False
## Power.Augmentation Animal.Attributes Longevity Intelligence Super.Strength
## 1 False False False False True
## 2 False False True False True
## 3 False False True True True
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False True True
## 6 False False False True True
## Cryokinesis Telepathy Energy.Armor Energy.Blasts Duplication Size.Changing
## 1 False False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False False
## 3 False True False False False False
## 4 False False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False True
## Density.Control Stamina Astral.Travel Audio.Control Dexterity Omnitrix
## 1 False True False False False False
## 2 False True False False False False
## 3 False True False False False False
## 4 False False False False False False
## 5 False True False False False False
## 6 False False False False False False
## Super.Speed Possession Animal.Oriented.Powers Weapon.based.Powers
## 1 True False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 True False False False
## 6 True False False False
## Electrokinesis Darkforce.Manipulation Death.Touch Teleportation
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False False
## 6 False False False True
## Enhanced.Senses Telekinesis Energy.Beams Magic Hyperkinesis Jump
## 1 False False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False False
## 6 False False False True False False
## Clairvoyance Dimensional.Travel Power.Sense Shapeshifting
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False False
## 6 False True False False
## Peak.Human.Condition Immortality Camouflage Element.Control Phasing
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False True False False
## 3 False True False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False True False False False
## Astral.Projection Electrical.Transport Fire.Control Projection Summoning
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## Enhanced.Memory Reflexes Invulnerability Energy.Constructs Force.Fields
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False True False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False True False False
## 6 False False True False False
## Self.Sustenance Anti.Gravity Empathy Power.Nullifier Radiation.Control
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 True False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## Psionic.Powers Elasticity Substance.Secretion Elemental.Transmogrification
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False False
## 6 False False False False
## Technopath.Cyberpath Photographic.Reflexes Seismic.Power Animation
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False True
## 6 False False False False
## Precognition Mind.Control Fire.Resistance Power.Absorption Enhanced.Hearing
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## Nova.Force Insanity Hypnokinesis Animal.Control Natural.Armor Intangibility
## 1 False False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False False
## Enhanced.Sight Molecular.Manipulation Heat.Generation Adaptation Gliding
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 True False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False True False False False
## Power.Suit Mind.Blast Probability.Manipulation Gravity.Control Regeneration
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## Light.Control Echolocation Levitation Toxin.and.Disease.Control Banish
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## Energy.Manipulation Heat.Resistance Natural.Weapons Time.Travel
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False False
## 6 True False False False
## Enhanced.Smell Illusions Thirstokinesis Hair.Manipulation Illumination
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## Omnipotent Cloaking Changing.Armor Power.Cosmic Biokinesis Water.Control
## 1 False False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False False
## 6 False False False True False False
## Radiation.Immunity Vision...Telescopic Toxin.and.Disease.Resistance
## 1 False False False
## 2 False False False
## 3 False False False
## 4 False False False
## 5 False False False
## 6 False False False
## Spatial.Awareness Energy.Resistance Telepathy.Resistance Molecular.Combustion
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False False
## 6 False False False False
## Omnilingualism Portal.Creation Magnetism Mind.Control.Resistance
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False False
## 6 False False False False
## Plant.Control Sonar Sonic.Scream Time.Manipulation Enhanced.Touch
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## Magic.Resistance Invisibility Sub.Mariner Radiation.Absorption
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False True False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False False
## 6 False False False False
## Intuitive.aptitude Vision...Microscopic Melting Wind.Control Super.Breath
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False True
## 6 False False False False False
## Wallcrawling Vision...Night Vision...Infrared Grim.Reaping Matter.Absorption
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## The.Force Resurrection Terrakinesis Vision...Heat Vitakinesis Radar.Sense
## 1 False False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False False
## Qwardian.Power.Ring Weather.Control Vision...X.Ray Vision...Thermal
## 1 False False False False
## 2 False False False False
## 3 False False False False
## 4 False False False False
## 5 False False False False
## 6 False False False False
## Web.Creation Reality.Warping Odin.Force Symbiote.Costume Speed.Force
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False False
## Phoenix.Force Molecular.Dissipation Vision...Cryo Omnipresent Omniscient
## 1 False False False False False
## 2 False False False False False
## 3 False False False False False
## 4 False False False False False
## 5 False False False False False
## 6 False False False False FalseCaracteristicas particulares como inteligencia, fuerza y velocidad.
## Name Alignment Intelligence Strength Speed Durability Power Combat
## 1 3-D Man good 50 31 43 32 25 52
## 2 A-Bomb good 38 100 17 80 17 64
## 3 Abe Sapien good 88 14 35 42 35 85
## 4 Abin Sur good 50 90 53 64 84 65
## 5 Abomination bad 63 80 53 90 55 95
## 6 Abraxas bad 88 100 83 99 100 56
## Total
## 1 233
## 2 316
## 3 299
## 4 406
## 5 436
## 6 526PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS
Vamos a hacer un poco de procesamiento con los datos para poder hacer las figuras.
###--- PROCESAMIENTO DE DATOS----
colnames(infoCharacters)[colnames(infoCharacters) == "name"] <- "Name"
colnames(infoPowers)[colnames(infoPowers) == "hero_names"] <- "Name"
unique(infoCharacters$Publisher)## [1] "Marvel Comics" "Dark Horse Comics" "DC Comics"
## [4] "NBC - Heroes" "Wildstorm" "Image Comics"
## [7] "" "Icon Comics" "SyFy"
## [10] "Hanna-Barbera" "George Lucas" "Team Epic TV"
## [13] "South Park" "HarperCollins" "ABC Studios"
## [16] "Universal Studios" "Star Trek" "IDW Publishing"
## [19] "Shueisha" "Sony Pictures" "J. K. Rowling"
## [22] "Titan Books" "Rebellion" "Microsoft"
## [25] "J. R. R. Tolkien"marvelDcInfo <- infoCharacters[(infoCharacters$Publisher == "Marvel Comics" | infoCharacters$Publisher == "DC Comics"), ]
marvelDcInfo <- marvelDcInfo[!duplicated(marvelDcInfo$Name), ]
marvelDcInfo <- marvelDcInfo %>%
select(Name, Gender, Race, Publisher)
marvelDcStatsInfo <- left_join(marvelDcInfo, infoStats, by = "Name")
head(marvelDcStatsInfo)[1:5]## Name Gender Race Publisher Alignment
## 1 A-Bomb Male Human Marvel Comics good
## 2 Abin Sur Male Ungaran DC Comics good
## 3 Abomination Male Human / Radiation Marvel Comics bad
## 4 Abraxas Male Cosmic Entity Marvel Comics bad
## 5 Absorbing Man Male Human Marvel Comics <NA>
## 6 Adam Strange Male Human DC Comics good## Name Gender Race Publisher Alignment
## 1 A-Bomb Male Human Marvel Comics good
## 2 Abin Sur Male Ungaran DC Comics good
## 3 Abomination Male Human / Radiation Marvel Comics bad
## 4 Abraxas Male Cosmic Entity Marvel Comics bad
## 5 Absorbing Man Male Human Marvel Comics <NA>
## 6 Adam Strange Male Human DC Comics goodfullMarvelDc$Name <- as.factor(fullMarvelDc$Name)
fullMarvelDc$Gender <- as.factor(fullMarvelDc$Gender)
fullMarvelDc$Race <- as.factor(fullMarvelDc$Race)
fullMarvelDc$Publisher <- as.factor(fullMarvelDc$Publisher)
fullMarvelDc$Alignment <- as.factor(fullMarvelDc$Alignment)
marvelDcGender <- fullMarvelDc %>% filter(!is.na(Gender)) %>%
group_by(Gender)%>%
dplyr::count(Publisher) %>%
select(Gender, Publisher, Count = n)GRAFICAS BASICAS
BASE DEL GRAFICO
Vamos a empezar con las graficas basicas de ggplot
###--- Graficas basicas ----
# 1. Base del grafico
# ggplot con dos elementos basicos:
# - 1) la base de datos y
# - 2) los elementos esteticos.
# ggplot de forma predeterminada muestra las coordenadas y el tema.El primer argumento que le debes de dar primero es data,
luego mapeamos los elementos visuales a las columnas
Establecimos a x como Gender y a
y como Count, pero podras notar que no hay
ninguna figura en el plot, el siguiente paso es agregar la geometria de
puntos.
GEOMETRIA DE PUNTOS
#2. Se agregan las geometrias
# aes(), en este caso las variables (x, y)
# Tipo de grafica = que queremos representar y agregamos el tipo de geometria para representar los datos.
# aplicar a todo el grafico y a las capas siguientes el mapping (overide posible)
ggplot(data = marvelDcGender) +
geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Gender, y = Count)) # Grafica de puntos
# aplicar el mapping especifico a una capa (mas usado)
ggplot(data = marvelDcGender, mapping = aes(x = Gender, y = Count)) +
geom_point()
ENRIQUECER EL GRAFICO
Algo que puede ser muy importante para los graficos es cambiar los colores.
Lo que haremos sera que el color dependa de la variable publisher.
#3. El grafico anterior se puede ir enriqueciendo al agregar atributos esteticos al mapping
# o asignando atributos fuera del mapping. Recordar la diferencia entre el mapping y "setting aesthetics".
#a. Agregar elementos aeshetics al mapping
ggplot(marvelDcGender) + # Hacer que el color dependa de la variable Publisher
geom_point(mapping = aes(x = Gender, y = Count, colour= Publisher)) 
Si nosotros queremos que un setting sea el color que nosotros
queramos solo necesitamos añadir coulor = "color"
#b. Agregar elementos como setting aesthetics
ggplot(marvelDcGender) +
geom_point (aes(x = Gender, y = Count), colour="red")
TIPOS DE GEOMETRIAS
Ahora utilizaremos el data de infoCharacters, y que
visualmente el eje de X sea la altura
###--- Tipos de geometrias ----
# PALETAS DE COLOR PERSONALIZADAS
dcMarvelPalette <- c("#0476F2", "#EC1E24")
goodBadPalette <- c("#A71D20", "#0DA751", "#818385")
# Para agregar geometrias que representen los datos hay que utilizar la funcion geom_
# que se usa en ggplot para representa un grafico por medio de objetos geometricos.
# Y se compone de la palabra geom y luego el nombre de la geometr?a (en ingles).
# ONE VARIABLE continuous (valores)
c <- ggplot(infoCharacters, aes(x = Height))
c
El resultado se ve asi porque no se ha definidon la geometria y solo esta involucrado el eje X.
Agregamos diferentes geometrias para probar (Todas las opciones tienen su documentacion).
En este caso las opciones le otorgaron al eje y la cantidad de personajes que tienen esa altura.
# alpha es para poner transparencia y permite ver entre mas solido
# mas datos presentes
e + geom_line()
rm(f, e, d, c) #eliminar variables especificas
#both discrete
g <- ggplot(infoCharacters, aes(x = Gender, y = Publisher))
g
#Aplica la grafica las capas con diferentes geoms
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Diet, y = Mass))+
geom_boxplot() +
geom_jitter() # +
# geom_violin()
# Cuidado en el acomodo de las capas, la posicion de las mismas es importante
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Diet, y = Mass))+
geom_jitter() +
geom_boxplot()
# puedes seguir agregando capas, cada grafico es una capa
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Diet, y = Mass)) +
geom_boxplot() +
geom_jitter() +
geom_violin()
#Asignar varias capas y modificar los valores del mapping de la grafica.
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range, y = Mass))+
geom_jitter(aes(colour=Diet, shape=Diet), size= 2.0, alpha = 0.8)+
geom_smooth(method = lm, color="black") + # ajustar una linea
scale_shape_manual(values=c(17, 18, 19)) +
scale_color_manual(values=c('#CC0033','#E69F00', '#00CCCC'))
# scale_color_manual(values=c("Carnivore" = '#CC0033', "Omnivore" = '#E69F00', "Herbivore" = '#00CCCC'))
########Etiquetado######################
#Asignar nombres al título, subtitulo, ejes
aa <- ggplot(bd, aes(x=Diet, y = Mass, fill=Diet)) +
geom_boxplot() +
geom_jitter(colour="gray") +
labs(title = "Rango de hogar y masa corporal",
subtitle = "Mamíferos",
x = "Dieta", y = "Masa (log10)",
caption = "Datos: Tucker,(2014), Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 23, 1105–1114",
fill = "Tipo de dieta")
aa
#########Themes#######
#Los temas son una forma de personalizar los componentes que no son datos de sus gráficos: títulos, etiquetas, fuentes, fondo, cuadrículas y leyendas. Los temas pueden ser utilizados para dar al grafico un aspecto personalizado.
## Para ver los temas: https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/reference/ggtheme.html
######Themas completos#############
aa + theme_gray()
#Manipular theme
?theme
#Asignar estilo a las letras titulo y ejes
#
aa +
theme(plot.title = element_text(color="red", size=12, face="bold.italic"),
axis.title.x = element_text(color="blue", size=12, face="bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(color="#993333", size=12, face="italic"),
axis.text = element_text(colour = "#74008D"))
#Asignar estilo al panel
aa +
theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "lightblue3", colour = "NA"),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "lightblue", colour = "red"))
#Si quiero usar un tipo de theme y asignar estilo a los títulos
aa + theme_dark() +
theme(plot.title = element_text(color="red", size=12, face="bold.italic"),
axis.title.x = element_text(color="blue", size=12, face="bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(color="#993333", size=12, face="italic")
)
####Escalas scale_()#####
#Una propiedad importante de ggplot2 es el principio de que cada estetica aes()está asociada a una escala.
#La función de ggplot predetermina los valores de las escalas dependiendo de tus datos
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass))+
geom_point(aes(colour = Diet))
#Dicho de explícitamente quedaría así
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass))+
geom_point(aes(colour = Diet))+
scale_x_continuous() +
scale_y_continuous() +
scale_colour_discrete()
#Sintaxis para scale()
#1. scale
#2. El nombre de la estética principal(x,y, colour, shape, fill)
#3. El tipo de escala (continuous, discrete, brewer).
#USO GENERAL en la estética del gráfico
#scale_*_continuous() - Asignar valores continuos a valores visuales.
#scale_*_discrete() - Asigna valores discretos a valores visuales.
#scale_*_binned() - Asigna valores continuos a contenedores discretos.
#scale_*_identity() - Usa valores de datos como valores visuales.
#scale_*_manual(values = c()) - Asigna valores discretos a valores visuales elegidos manualmente.
#Cambiemos algunos valores
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass))+
geom_point(aes(colour = Diet))+
scale_x_continuous(name = "Rango de hogar (log)") +
scale_y_continuous(name = "Masa (log)")+
scale_colour_discrete(name="Dieta")
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass))+
geom_point(aes(colour = Diet))+
scale_x_binned(name = "Rango de hogar (log)") +
scale_y_continuous(name = "Masa (log)")+
scale_colour_discrete(name="Dieta")
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass))+
geom_point(aes(colour = Diet))+
scale_x_binned(name = "Rango de hogar (log)") +
scale_y_binned(name = "Masa (log)")+
scale_colour_discrete(name="Dieta")
###Colores####
#Colores predeterminados
#http://www.stat.columbia.edu/~tzheng/files/Rcolor.pdf
head(colors(), n = 20)## [1] "white" "aliceblue" "antiquewhite" "antiquewhite1"
## [5] "antiquewhite2" "antiquewhite3" "antiquewhite4" "aquamarine"
## [9] "aquamarine1" "aquamarine2" "aquamarine3" "aquamarine4"
## [13] "azure" "azure1" "azure2" "azure3"
## [17] "azure4" "beige" "bisque" "bisque1"## [1] "white" "aliceblue" "antiquewhite"
## [4] "antiquewhite1" "antiquewhite2" "antiquewhite3"
## [7] "antiquewhite4" "aquamarine" "aquamarine1"
## [10] "aquamarine2" "aquamarine3" "aquamarine4"
## [13] "azure" "azure1" "azure2"
## [16] "azure3" "azure4" "beige"
## [19] "bisque" "bisque1" "bisque2"
## [22] "bisque3" "bisque4" "black"
## [25] "blanchedalmond" "blue" "blue1"
## [28] "blue2" "blue3" "blue4"
## [31] "blueviolet" "brown" "brown1"
## [34] "brown2" "brown3" "brown4"
## [37] "burlywood" "burlywood1" "burlywood2"
## [40] "burlywood3" "burlywood4" "cadetblue"
## [43] "cadetblue1" "cadetblue2" "cadetblue3"
## [46] "cadetblue4" "chartreuse" "chartreuse1"
## [49] "chartreuse2" "chartreuse3" "chartreuse4"
## [52] "chocolate" "chocolate1" "chocolate2"
## [55] "chocolate3" "chocolate4" "coral"
## [58] "coral1" "coral2" "coral3"
## [61] "coral4" "cornflowerblue" "cornsilk"
## [64] "cornsilk1" "cornsilk2" "cornsilk3"
## [67] "cornsilk4" "cyan" "cyan1"
## [70] "cyan2" "cyan3" "cyan4"
## [73] "darkblue" "darkcyan" "darkgoldenrod"
## [76] "darkgoldenrod1" "darkgoldenrod2" "darkgoldenrod3"
## [79] "darkgoldenrod4" "darkgray" "darkgreen"
## [82] "darkgrey" "darkkhaki" "darkmagenta"
## [85] "darkolivegreen" "darkolivegreen1" "darkolivegreen2"
## [88] "darkolivegreen3" "darkolivegreen4" "darkorange"
## [91] "darkorange1" "darkorange2" "darkorange3"
## [94] "darkorange4" "darkorchid" "darkorchid1"
## [97] "darkorchid2" "darkorchid3" "darkorchid4"
## [100] "darkred" "darksalmon" "darkseagreen"
## [103] "darkseagreen1" "darkseagreen2" "darkseagreen3"
## [106] "darkseagreen4" "darkslateblue" "darkslategray"
## [109] "darkslategray1" "darkslategray2" "darkslategray3"
## [112] "darkslategray4" "darkslategrey" "darkturquoise"
## [115] "darkviolet" "deeppink" "deeppink1"
## [118] "deeppink2" "deeppink3" "deeppink4"
## [121] "deepskyblue" "deepskyblue1" "deepskyblue2"
## [124] "deepskyblue3" "deepskyblue4" "dimgray"
## [127] "dimgrey" "dodgerblue" "dodgerblue1"
## [130] "dodgerblue2" "dodgerblue3" "dodgerblue4"
## [133] "firebrick" "firebrick1" "firebrick2"
## [136] "firebrick3" "firebrick4" "floralwhite"
## [139] "forestgreen" "gainsboro" "ghostwhite"
## [142] "gold" "gold1" "gold2"
## [145] "gold3" "gold4" "goldenrod"
## [148] "goldenrod1" "goldenrod2" "goldenrod3"
## [151] "goldenrod4" "gray" "gray0"
## [154] "gray1" "gray2" "gray3"
## [157] "gray4" "gray5" "gray6"
## [160] "gray7" "gray8" "gray9"
## [163] "gray10" "gray11" "gray12"
## [166] "gray13" "gray14" "gray15"
## [169] "gray16" "gray17" "gray18"
## [172] "gray19" "gray20" "gray21"
## [175] "gray22" "gray23" "gray24"
## [178] "gray25" "gray26" "gray27"
## [181] "gray28" "gray29" "gray30"
## [184] "gray31" "gray32" "gray33"
## [187] "gray34" "gray35" "gray36"
## [190] "gray37" "gray38" "gray39"
## [193] "gray40" "gray41" "gray42"
## [196] "gray43" "gray44" "gray45"
## [199] "gray46" "gray47" "gray48"
## [202] "gray49" "gray50" "gray51"
## [205] "gray52" "gray53" "gray54"
## [208] "gray55" "gray56" "gray57"
## [211] "gray58" "gray59" "gray60"
## [214] "gray61" "gray62" "gray63"
## [217] "gray64" "gray65" "gray66"
## [220] "gray67" "gray68" "gray69"
## [223] "gray70" "gray71" "gray72"
## [226] "gray73" "gray74" "gray75"
## [229] "gray76" "gray77" "gray78"
## [232] "gray79" "gray80" "gray81"
## [235] "gray82" "gray83" "gray84"
## [238] "gray85" "gray86" "gray87"
## [241] "gray88" "gray89" "gray90"
## [244] "gray91" "gray92" "gray93"
## [247] "gray94" "gray95" "gray96"
## [250] "gray97" "gray98" "gray99"
## [253] "gray100" "green" "green1"
## [256] "green2" "green3" "green4"
## [259] "greenyellow" "grey" "grey0"
## [262] "grey1" "grey2" "grey3"
## [265] "grey4" "grey5" "grey6"
## [268] "grey7" "grey8" "grey9"
## [271] "grey10" "grey11" "grey12"
## [274] "grey13" "grey14" "grey15"
## [277] "grey16" "grey17" "grey18"
## [280] "grey19" "grey20" "grey21"
## [283] "grey22" "grey23" "grey24"
## [286] "grey25" "grey26" "grey27"
## [289] "grey28" "grey29" "grey30"
## [292] "grey31" "grey32" "grey33"
## [295] "grey34" "grey35" "grey36"
## [298] "grey37" "grey38" "grey39"
## [301] "grey40" "grey41" "grey42"
## [304] "grey43" "grey44" "grey45"
## [307] "grey46" "grey47" "grey48"
## [310] "grey49" "grey50" "grey51"
## [313] "grey52" "grey53" "grey54"
## [316] "grey55" "grey56" "grey57"
## [319] "grey58" "grey59" "grey60"
## [322] "grey61" "grey62" "grey63"
## [325] "grey64" "grey65" "grey66"
## [328] "grey67" "grey68" "grey69"
## [331] "grey70" "grey71" "grey72"
## [334] "grey73" "grey74" "grey75"
## [337] "grey76" "grey77" "grey78"
## [340] "grey79" "grey80" "grey81"
## [343] "grey82" "grey83" "grey84"
## [346] "grey85" "grey86" "grey87"
## [349] "grey88" "grey89" "grey90"
## [352] "grey91" "grey92" "grey93"
## [355] "grey94" "grey95" "grey96"
## [358] "grey97" "grey98" "grey99"
## [361] "grey100" "honeydew" "honeydew1"
## [364] "honeydew2" "honeydew3" "honeydew4"
## [367] "hotpink" "hotpink1" "hotpink2"
## [370] "hotpink3" "hotpink4" "indianred"
## [373] "indianred1" "indianred2" "indianred3"
## [376] "indianred4" "ivory" "ivory1"
## [379] "ivory2" "ivory3" "ivory4"
## [382] "khaki" "khaki1" "khaki2"
## [385] "khaki3" "khaki4" "lavender"
## [388] "lavenderblush" "lavenderblush1" "lavenderblush2"
## [391] "lavenderblush3" "lavenderblush4" "lawngreen"
## [394] "lemonchiffon" "lemonchiffon1" "lemonchiffon2"
## [397] "lemonchiffon3" "lemonchiffon4" "lightblue"
## [400] "lightblue1" "lightblue2" "lightblue3"
## [403] "lightblue4" "lightcoral" "lightcyan"
## [406] "lightcyan1" "lightcyan2" "lightcyan3"
## [409] "lightcyan4" "lightgoldenrod" "lightgoldenrod1"
## [412] "lightgoldenrod2" "lightgoldenrod3" "lightgoldenrod4"
## [415] "lightgoldenrodyellow" "lightgray" "lightgreen"
## [418] "lightgrey" "lightpink" "lightpink1"
## [421] "lightpink2" "lightpink3" "lightpink4"
## [424] "lightsalmon" "lightsalmon1" "lightsalmon2"
## [427] "lightsalmon3" "lightsalmon4" "lightseagreen"
## [430] "lightskyblue" "lightskyblue1" "lightskyblue2"
## [433] "lightskyblue3" "lightskyblue4" "lightslateblue"
## [436] "lightslategray" "lightslategrey" "lightsteelblue"
## [439] "lightsteelblue1" "lightsteelblue2" "lightsteelblue3"
## [442] "lightsteelblue4" "lightyellow" "lightyellow1"
## [445] "lightyellow2" "lightyellow3" "lightyellow4"
## [448] "limegreen" "linen" "magenta"
## [451] "magenta1" "magenta2" "magenta3"
## [454] "magenta4" "maroon" "maroon1"
## [457] "maroon2" "maroon3" "maroon4"
## [460] "mediumaquamarine" "mediumblue" "mediumorchid"
## [463] "mediumorchid1" "mediumorchid2" "mediumorchid3"
## [466] "mediumorchid4" "mediumpurple" "mediumpurple1"
## [469] "mediumpurple2" "mediumpurple3" "mediumpurple4"
## [472] "mediumseagreen" "mediumslateblue" "mediumspringgreen"
## [475] "mediumturquoise" "mediumvioletred" "midnightblue"
## [478] "mintcream" "mistyrose" "mistyrose1"
## [481] "mistyrose2" "mistyrose3" "mistyrose4"
## [484] "moccasin" "navajowhite" "navajowhite1"
## [487] "navajowhite2" "navajowhite3" "navajowhite4"
## [490] "navy" "navyblue" "oldlace"
## [493] "olivedrab" "olivedrab1" "olivedrab2"
## [496] "olivedrab3" "olivedrab4" "orange"
## [499] "orange1" "orange2" "orange3"
## [502] "orange4" "orangered" "orangered1"
## [505] "orangered2" "orangered3" "orangered4"
## [508] "orchid" "orchid1" "orchid2"
## [511] "orchid3" "orchid4" "palegoldenrod"
## [514] "palegreen" "palegreen1" "palegreen2"
## [517] "palegreen3" "palegreen4" "paleturquoise"
## [520] "paleturquoise1" "paleturquoise2" "paleturquoise3"
## [523] "paleturquoise4" "palevioletred" "palevioletred1"
## [526] "palevioletred2" "palevioletred3" "palevioletred4"
## [529] "papayawhip" "peachpuff" "peachpuff1"
## [532] "peachpuff2" "peachpuff3" "peachpuff4"
## [535] "peru" "pink" "pink1"
## [538] "pink2" "pink3" "pink4"
## [541] "plum" "plum1" "plum2"
## [544] "plum3" "plum4" "powderblue"
## [547] "purple" "purple1" "purple2"
## [550] "purple3" "purple4" "red"
## [553] "red1" "red2" "red3"
## [556] "red4" "rosybrown" "rosybrown1"
## [559] "rosybrown2" "rosybrown3" "rosybrown4"
## [562] "royalblue" "royalblue1" "royalblue2"
## [565] "royalblue3" "royalblue4" "saddlebrown"
## [568] "salmon" "salmon1" "salmon2"
## [571] "salmon3" "salmon4" "sandybrown"
## [574] "seagreen" "seagreen1" "seagreen2"
## [577] "seagreen3" "seagreen4" "seashell"
## [580] "seashell1" "seashell2" "seashell3"
## [583] "seashell4" "sienna" "sienna1"
## [586] "sienna2" "sienna3" "sienna4"
## [589] "skyblue" "skyblue1" "skyblue2"
## [592] "skyblue3" "skyblue4" "slateblue"
## [595] "slateblue1" "slateblue2" "slateblue3"
## [598] "slateblue4" "slategray" "slategray1"
## [601] "slategray2" "slategray3" "slategray4"
## [604] "slategrey" "snow" "snow1"
## [607] "snow2" "snow3" "snow4"
## [610] "springgreen" "springgreen1" "springgreen2"
## [613] "springgreen3" "springgreen4" "steelblue"
## [616] "steelblue1" "steelblue2" "steelblue3"
## [619] "steelblue4" "tan" "tan1"
## [622] "tan2" "tan3" "tan4"
## [625] "thistle" "thistle1" "thistle2"
## [628] "thistle3" "thistle4" "tomato"
## [631] "tomato1" "tomato2" "tomato3"
## [634] "tomato4" "turquoise" "turquoise1"
## [637] "turquoise2" "turquoise3" "turquoise4"
## [640] "violet" "violetred" "violetred1"
## [643] "violetred2" "violetred3" "violetred4"
## [646] "wheat" "wheat1" "wheat2"
## [649] "wheat3" "wheat4" "whitesmoke"
## [652] "yellow" "yellow1" "yellow2"
## [655] "yellow3" "yellow4" "yellowgreen"#Crear paleta manualmente
Paleta <- c("cadetblue","coral","mediumspringgreen")
p <- ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass))+
geom_point(aes(colour = Diet))+
scale_colour_manual(values=Paleta)
p
# Colores por posicion
cbPalette <- c(colors()[100], colors()[200] , colors()[40])
b <- ggplot(bd, aes(x=Diet, y = Mass, fill=Diet))+
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
scale_fill_manual(values = cbPalette,
labels=c("label1", "label2", "label3"))
b
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass))+
geom_point(aes(colour = Diet))+
scale_color_brewer(palette='Accent') 
#Paleta paletteer
#https://r-charts.com/es/paletas-colores/
#terrain.colors() heat.colors(), topo.colors(), cm.colors(), rainbow().
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass, colour=Mass)) +
geom_point() +
scale_colour_gradientn(colours=rainbow(30))
#Crear paleta
p1 <- paletteer_c("ggthemes::Blue-Green Sequential", 30)
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass, colour=Mass))+
geom_point()+
scale_colour_gradientn(colours=p1)
p2 <- paletteer_c("grDevices::Inferno", 30)
ggplot(bd, aes(x=Home.range , y = Mass, colour=Mass))+
geom_point()+
scale_colour_gradientn(colours=p2)
###sistema de coordenadas####
#Por defecto, los gráficos de ggplot2 tienen coordenadas cartesianas.
#La función coord_cartesian permite hacer zoom a los gráficos
range(bd$Home.range) # tener presente el rango va de -4.44 a 5.69## [1] -4.44 5.69## [1] -2.38 4.52
#Los sistemas de coordenadas en ggplot2 se pueden dividir en: (coord_cartesian, coord_fixed, coord_flip) y lineales (coord_trans, coord_polar, coord_quickmap, coord_map).
#la unidad a lo largo del eje X será la misma unidad a lo largo del eje Y
e + geom_point()+
coord_cartesian()
#La función coord_trans crea sistemas sistemas de coordenadas cartesianas transformadas,afectando a la apariencia de los geoms
#Coordenadas polares
f <- ggplot(bd, aes(x=Diet, y = Mass))
f
#################FACETAS#####################################
#La creación de facetas muestra un subconjunto diferente de los datos.
#Hay tres tipos de facetas:
#facet_null(): un único gráfico, el predeterminado.
#facet_wrap(): "envuelve" los paneles
#facet_grid(): produce una cuadrícula de paneles definidos por variables que forman las filas y columnas.
#facet_grid()
#Columnas
ggplot(data = bd, aes(x = Home.range, y = Mass)) +
geom_point() +
facet_grid(~ Diet)
ggplot(data = bd, aes(x = Home.range, y = Mass)) +
geom_point() +
facet_grid(~ Diet, scales = "free")
#Filas y columnas#falta agregar una columna cualitativa
ggplot(data = bd, aes(x = Home.range, y = Mass))+
geom_point()+
facet_grid(Environment~Diet)
## ID Gender Taxon Home.range Mass Diet Environment
## 1 1 Abrothrix Abrothrix_olivaceus -3.33 -1.61 Omnivore Terrestrial
## 2 2 Acinonyx Acinonyx_jubatus 2.91 1.70 Carnivore Terrestrial
## 3 3 Aepyceros Aepyceros_melampus 0.51 1.80 Herbivore Terrestrial
## 4 4 Ailuropoda Ailuropoda_melanoleuca 0.62 1.94 Herbivore Terrestrial
## 5 5 Ailurus Ailurus_fulgens 0.01 0.73 Herbivore Terrestrial
## 6 6 Alcelaphus Alcelaphus_buselaphus 0.34 2.13 Herbivore Terrestrial
# Juntar varias graficas en una sola figuras (cowplot)
#Mostrar dos gráficas diferentes
graf1 <- ggplot(bd, aes(x=Diet, y = Mass)) +
geom_boxplot() +
geom_jitter()
graf1
